What major advantage do transponders provide in ATCRBS?

Transponders in ATCRBS (Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System) play a critical role by enabling the unique identification of each aircraft. This capability is essential because it allows air traffic controllers to distinguish between different aircraft in crowded airspaces, improving safety and efficiency in air traffic management. Each transponder emits a response to radar interrogations that includes a specific code or address assigned to that particular aircraft, facilitating clearer and more accurate tracking.

The unique identification feature is pivotal for maintaining situational awareness and preventing geographical confusion among multiple aircraft operating in the same vicinity. This system enhances the overall effectiveness of air traffic control, especially in busy air corridors and during high-traffic events. The other options do not directly relate to the fundamental functions of transponders in ATCRBS, which primarily focus on identification and tracking rather than weather information, fuel efficiency, or ground speed control.